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General Writing

• The Writing Process

• What Do You Need to Write?

• Invention

• Prewriting Introduction

• Prewriting Questions

• More Prewriting Questions

• Symptoms and Cures for Writer's Block

• More Writer's Block Strategies

• Stasis Introduction

• Stasis and Research

• Stasis for Teamwork

• Thesis Statement Tips

• Outline Components

• How to Outline

• Types of Outlines

• Reverse Outlining

• Beginning Proofreading

• Proofreading for Errors

• Proofreading Suggestions

• Revising for Cohesion

• Steps for Revising

• Academic Writing

• Rhetorical Situation Introduction

• Rhetorical Situation: Audience and Text

• Rhetorical Situation: Context, Environment, Setting

• Rhetorical Situation: Example 1

• Rhetorical Situation: Example 2

• Rhetorical Situation: Conclusion

• Strong Thesis Statements

• Research and Evidence

• Organizing Your Argument

• Rhetorical Strategies

• Logic

• Using Logic

• Fallacies

• Logic in Writing

• Does Logic Always Work?

• Improprieties

• On Paragraphs

• Paragraphing

• Essay Writing

• Expository Essays

• Descriptive Essays

• Narrative Essays

• Argumentative Essays

• Conciseness

• Eliminating Words

• Changing Phrases

• Avoid Common Pitfalls

• Paramedic Method

• Reverse Paramedic Method

• Visual-Textual Devices

• Punctuation Marks

• Choice and Arrangement

• Sentence and Clause Arrangement

• Variation

• Sentence Types

• For Short, Choppy Sentences

• For Repeated Subjects or Topics

• Similar Sentence Patterns or Rhythms

• Appropriate Language: Overview

• Levels of Formality

• Group Jargon

• Deceitful Language and Euphemisms

• Stereotypes and Biased Language

• Appropriate Pronoun Usage

• Active and Passive Voice

• Active Versus Passive Voice

• More about Passive Voice

• Choosing Passive Voice

• Changing Passive to Active Voice

• More Suggestions

• Verbs: Voice and Mood

• Email Etiquette

• Email Etiquette for Students

• Common Writing Assignments

• Understanding Writing Assignments

• Argument Papers

• Body Paragraphs

• Rebuttal Sections

• Conclusions

• Writing a Research Paper

• Genre and the Research Paper

• Choosing a Topic

• Identifying Audiences

• Where do I Begin?

• Exploratory Papers

• Organizing an Exploratory Essay

• Annotated Bibliographies

• Annotated Bibliography Example

• Annotated Bibliography Samples

• Book Reports

• Definitions

• Essays for Exams

• Book Reviews

• Academic Proposals

• Conference Proposals

• Presenting Conference Papers

• Journal Abstracts

• Journal Abstracts

• Book Proposals

• Academic Proposals

• Mechanics

• HOCs and LOCs

• Sentence Clarity

• Parts of Speech Overview

• Sentence Clarity Presentation

• Sentence Fragments

• Transitions

• Transitional Devices

• Correcting Dangling Modifiers

• Parallel Structure

• Two-Part (Phrasal) Verbs (Idioms)

• Separable Phrasal Verbs

• Inseparable Phrasal Verbs

• Intransitive Phrasal Verbs

• Help with Capitals

• Gerunds

• Participles

• Infinitives

• Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives

• Grammar

• Common Words that Sound Alike

• Writing Numbers

• Adjectives and Adverbs

• Avoiding Common Errors

• Adjectives with Count and Noncount Nouns

• Adjective or Adverb?

• Appositives

• A versus An

• Using Articles

• Time, Place, and Introducing Objects

• To, On (to), In (to)

• Prepositions of Location: At, In, On

• Spatial Relationships

• Using Pronouns Clearly

• Pronoun Case

• Introduction to Defining Clauses

• Relative Pronouns in Non-Defining Clauses

• Defining vs. Non-Defining

• Basic Rules

• Plurals, Articles, and Quantity Words

• Count, NonCount Nouns with Articles, Adjectives

• Subject-Verb Agreement

• Sequence of Tenses

• Passive Verb Tenses

• Active Verb Tenses

• Verb Tense Consistency

• Verbs with Helpers

• Active Verb Tenses

• Irregular Verbs

• Commonly Confused Verbs

• Punctuation

• Punctuation Overview

• Punctuation in Sentences

• Sentence Punctuation Patterns

• Independent and Dependent Clauses

• Run On Sentences

• Comma Slide Presentation

• Commas: Quick Rules

• Extended Rules for Commas

• Commas After Introductions

• Commas vs. Semicolons

• Commas with Nonessential Elements

• Apostrophe Introduction

• Hyphen Use

• Using Quotation Marks

• Extended Rules for Quotation Marks

• More Quotation Mark Rules

• Quotation Marks with Fiction

• Quotation Mark Exercise and Answers

• Visual Rhetoric

• Visual Rhetoric: Overview

• Visual Rhetoric: Text Elements

• Visual Rhetoric: Color

• Visual Rhetoric: Images

• Analyzing Visual Documents

• Elements of Analysis

• Organizing Your Analysis

• Fonts with Purpose

• Font Features

• Font Personality

• Additional Font Tips

• Color Theory Presentation

• PowerPoint Quick Guide

• Before You Start

• Design Principles

• Practical Guides

Research and Citation

• Conducting Research

• Where do I begin?

• Online vs. Print

• Sources

• Primary Research

• What is Primary Research?

• Research Ethics

• Pitfalls of Primary Research

• Interviewing

• Surveying

• Interview and Survey Questions

• Observing

• Analysis

• Analyzing Primary Data

• Overview

• Evaluating Bibliographic Citations

• Evaluation During Reading

• Print vs. Internet

• Overview

• The Internet and Search Engines

• Search Engines and Directories

• Searching with a Search Engine

• Searching with a Web Directory

• Search Engines

• Search the Invisible Web

• Other Useful Sites

• Other Search Strategies

• Internet References

• Dictionaries and Manuals

• Online References

• Indexes for Writers

• Online Libraries

• Online Books and E-texts

• Online News Sources

• Purdue Library Database Tutorials

• Using Research

• Introduction

• Quick Tips

• Descriptive Statistics

• Writing with Descriptive Statistics

• Basic Inferential Statistics

• Writing with Inferential Statistics

• Statistics and Visuals

• Key Terms

• Guidelines for Fair Use

• Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

• Paraphrasing

• Paraphrasing: Sample Essay

• Paraphrasing

• Paraphrasing Exercise

• Paraphrasing Exercise Answers

• Overview

• Documenting Electronic Sources

• Online Guides

• Overview

• Is It Plagiarism?

• Safe Practices

• Plagiarism Exercise

• Best Practices for Teachers

• Scientific Abstracts Presentation

• Manuscript Formatting

• In-Text References

• References Page Formatting

• Overview

• Complete Discipline Listing

• APA Style

• APA Workshop

• General Format

• In-Text Citations: The Basics

• In-Text Citations: Author/Authors

• Footnotes and Endnotes

• Reference List: Basic Rules

• Reference List: Author/Authors

• Reference List: Articles in Periodicals

• Reference List: Books

• Reference List: Other Print Sources

• Reference List: Electronic Sources

• Reference List: Other Non-Print Sources

• Additional Resources

• Types of APA Papers

• APA Stylistics: Avoiding Bias

• APA Stylistics: Basics

• APA Headings and Seriation

• APA PowerPoint Slide Presentation

• Sample APA Paper

• APA Tables and Figures 1

• APA Tables and Figures 2

• APA Abbreviations

• Statistics in APA

• APA Classroom Poster

• APA Changes 6th Edition

• MLA Style

• MLA Overview and Workshop

• MLA Formatting and Style Guide

• MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

• MLA Formatting Quotations

• MLA Footnotes and Endnotes

• MLA Works Cited Page: Basic Format

• MLA Works Cited Page: Books

• MLA Works Cited: Periodicals

• MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources

• MLA Works Cited: Other Common Sources

• MLA Additional Resources

• MLA Abbreviations

• MLA Sample Works Cited Page

• MLA Sample Paper

• MLA Tables, Figures, and Examples

• MLA PowerPoint Presentation

• MLA Undergraduate Sample Paper

• MLA Classroom Poster

• Chicago Manual 16th Edition

• Chicago Manual of Style 16th Edition

• Books

• Periodicals

• Web Sources

• Film and Television

• Interviews, Personal Communication

• Lectures and Presentations

• Public and Unpublished Materials

Teacher and Tutor Resources

• Writing Instructors

• Parents

• Grades 7-12 Instructors and Students

• Non-Purdue Users

• Purdue Instructors and Students

• Adult Basic Education

• Introduction

• WAC Programs

• Further Reading

• Writing in Nursing Bibliography

• Science Writing Bibliography Essay

• Creative Nonfiction

• The Personal Memoir

• Literary Journalism

• Lyric Essays

• Assignments

• Poetry in Writing Courses

• Mid to Advanced Level Courses

• Sample Assignment

• Additional Resources

• Detailed Writing and Procedural Transitions

• Summary and Description

• Deliverables and Evaluation

• Activities

• Resources for Instructors

• Sample Deliverables

• Email Etiquette for Professors

• Writing Tutors

• Lab Quick Tour

• Meeting One-on-One with Students

• Tutoring a Résumé

• Tutoring Cover Letters

• Tutoring Beginning Poets

• Tutoring Creative Writers

• Pitfalls for Fiction Writers

• Helpful Resources

• Metaphors in Creative Writing

• Teaching Resources

• Purdue OWL Podcasts

• Contrast

• Alignment

• Repetition

• Workshop and PowerPoint Index

• Conducting an Interview Presentation

• Job Acceptance Letter Presentation

• Invention Presentation

• Preventing Plagiarism

• Contextualizing Plagiarism

• Truth or Consequences

• Handout: Truth or Consequences

• The Big Picture

• Authorship and Popular Plagiarism

• Copyright and Plagiarism

• Handout: Copyright and Plagiarism

• Collaborative Authorship

• Handout: Collaborative Authorship

• Defining Our Terms

• Class Plagiarism Policy

• Comparing Policies

• Handout: Comparing Policies

• Avoiding Plagiarism

• Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting

• Peer Summarizing

• Anonymous Paraphrasing

• Paraphrasing from Media

• Handout: Paraphrasing from Media

• Using In-text Citations

• Handout: Using In-text Citations

• Quoting Others

• Handout: Quoting Others

• Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation in Context

• Handout: Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation in Context

Subject Specific Writing

• Professional, Technical Writing

• Workplace Writers

• Rhetorical Awareness

• Applying User-Centered Design

• Glossary and References

• Participatory Design

• Overview

• Development Stage

• Reading and Action Stage

• Higher Order Concerns

• Later Order Concerns

• Parallel Structure

• Tone

• HATS

• Accentuating the Positives

• The Basic Business Letter

• Sample Letters

• Audience and Purpose

• Parts of a Memo

• Format

• Sample Memo

• Four Point Action Closing

• Writing Report Abstracts

• Purpose and Audience

• Organization and Other Tips

• Revision

• Revising for Clarity

• Tailoring Language

• Organization and Correctness

• Writing in Literature

• Terms

• Introduction to Literary Theory

• Moral Criticism, Dramatic Construction

• Formalism

• Psychoanalytic Criticism

• Marxist Criticism

• Reader-Response Criticism

• Structuralism and Semiotics

• Postmodern Criticism

• New Historicism, Cultural Studies

• Post-Colonial Criticism

• Feminist Criticism

• Gender Studies and Queer Theory

• Close Reading

• Developing a Thesis

• Pre-Writing

• Introduction

• Literature Topics

• Formatting

• Overview

• The Prompt Paper

• General Research Papers

• Conducting Research

• Reading Criticism

• Building an Argument

• Reading a Novel or Story

• Reading a Poem

• Reading a Play

• Writing About Poetry

• Image in Poetry

• Images and Their Uses

• Exercises

• Poetry: Close Reading

• Writing in the Social Sciences

• Social Work Literature Review Guidelines

• Writing in Psychology Overview

• Rhetorical Considerations and Style

• Experimental Reports 1

• Experimental Reports 2

• Tables, Appendices, Footnotes and Endnotes

• Sources for More Information

• Writing in Engineering

• Engineering Reports

• Introduction

• Purposes and Types

• Reports and Memos

• Report Checklist

• Report Sections

• The Report Body

• Abstracts and Executive Summaries

• Mechanical Elements

• Design Notebook

• Project Charter

• Travel Writing

• Introduction

• Readability Presentation

• Readability Handout

• Paramedic Method Presentation

• Paramedic Method Handout

• Adjectives Presentation

• Adjectives Handout

• Intra-Paragraph Organization Presentation

• Intra-Paragraph Organization Handout

• Verb Use Presentation

• Verb Use Handout

• Macro Level Cohesion Presentation

• Macro Level Cohesion Handout

• Micro Level Cohesion Presentation

• Micro Level Cohesion Handout

• Concise Language Presentation

• Eliminating Unnecessary Words Handout

• Parallelism Handout

• Document Design Presentation

• Poster Design Handout

• Group Work Presentation

• Group Work Handout

• Writing Proposals Handout

• Annotated Sample Documents

• Creative Writing

• Fiction Writing Basics

• Fiction Writing Basics 2

• Fiction Writing Basics 3

• Pattern and Variation

• Pattern

• Variation

• Sound and Meter

• Meter and Scansion

• Poetic Feet, Line Length

• Sound and Rhyme

• Other Matters of Sound

• Visual Patterning

• Visual Variation, Exercises

• Medical Writing

• Introduction

• Original Scholarly Article

• Revised Article

• Reporting on Conference Presentations

• Journalism and Journalistic Writing

• Introduction

• AP Style

• Media Ethics

• The Inverted Pyramid

• Writing Leads

• Writing in Nursing

• Writing as a Professional Nurse

• Writing in the Field

• List of Nursing Resources

Job Search Writing

• Preparing an Application

• Tailoring Documents

• Determing Audience

• Addressing Audience

• Tips and Terms

• The Personal Statement

• Examples

• Advice from Admissions Officers

• Top 10 Rules and Pitfalls

• Job Skills Checklist

• Action Verbs

• Action Verb List

• Sample Documents

• Job Search Letters

• Employment Letters

• Request For a Reference

• Follow-Up Letter

• Inquiry Letters

• Follow-Up After No Response

• Acceptance Letter

• Rejection Letter

• Requesting Further Negotiations

• Letter When You are Rejected

• Thank You Letters

• Model Reference Request

• Model for Negotiations

• Model for Reply to Rejection

• Model for Inquiry Letter

• Model for Rejecting a Job Offer

• Model for Acceptance Letter

• Model for Reference Request Letter

• Model for Interview Follow-Up

• What Is a Cover Letter?

• Quick Content Tips

• Quick Formatting Tips

• Showing Off Knowledge of Company

• Before Sending the Letter

• Researching Job Positions

• Reading Job Ads

• Researching Companies

• Communicating with Insiders

• Using University Career Centers

• Addressing Qualifications

• Cover Letter Headings

• Addressing Cover Letters

• Cover Letter Introductions

• Cover Letter Body Paragraphs

• Cover Letter Closings

• Introduction

• What to Include

• Formatting and Organization

• Academic Cover Letters

• Sample

• Résumés and Vitas

• Introduction

• Contact Information Section

• Education Section

• Work Experience Section

• Using Two Pages or More

• Introduction

• General Guidelines

• Résumé Design

• PowerPoint Presentation

• Management Résumés

• Résumé Workshop

• Education Section

• Experience Section

• Honors and Activities Section

• Skills Section

• PowerPoint Presentation

• Reference Sheets

• Writing the CV

• Sample Résumés

• Skills Résumé Sample

• Chronological Résumé Sample

• Functional Résumé Sample

• Interactive Résumé

English as a Second Language

• ESL Instructors, Tutors

• ESL Orientation Presentation

• ESL Teacher Resources

• ESL Instructors and Students

• ESL Students

• Writing in North American Colleges

• A Cultural Introduction

• Writing for a Chinese Audience

• Writing for a North American Audience

• Writing for an Indian Audience

• Samples

About the OWL

• OWL Information

• OWL Fact Sheet

• Frequently Asked Questions

• How to Use the OWL

• Navigating the New OWL

• Terms and Conditions of Fair Use

• OWL Art 1

• OWL Art 2

• OWL Art 3

Current OWL Exercises

• OWL Exercises
• Grammar Exercises

• Adjective or Adverb Exercise 1

• Adjective or Adverb Exercise 2

• Appositive Exercise

• A or An? Exercise

• Articles Exercise 1

• Articles Exercise 2

• Count and Noncount Nouns Exercise 1

• Count and Noncount Nouns Exercise 2

• Count and Noncount Nouns Exercise 3

• Count and Noncount Nouns Exercise 4

• Count and Noncount Nouns Exercise 5

• Quantity Terms Exercise

• Prepositions of Direction Exercise

• Tense Consistency Exercise 1

• Tense Consistency Exercise 2

• Tense Consistency Exercise 3

• Tense Consistency Exercise 4

• Punctuation Exercises

• Punctuation Exercise

• Apostrophes Exercise

• Quotation Marks Exercise

• Comma Exercise 1

• Comma Exercise 2

• Comma Exercise 3

• Comma Exercise 4

• Comma Exercise 5

• After Introductions Exercise 1

• After Introductions Exercise 2

• After Introductions Exercise 3

• Commas vs. Semicolons - Compound Sentences

• Nonessential Elements Exercise 1

• Nonessential Elements Exercise 2

• Nonessential Elements Exercise 3

• Spelling Exercises

• -ible and -able Spelling Exercise 1

• -ible and -able Spelling Exercise 2

• Accept/Except Spelling Exercise

• Affect/Effect Spelling Exercise

• EI/IE Spelling Rules Exercise 1

• EI/IE Spelling Rules Exercise 2

• EI/IE Spelling Rules Exercise 3

• EI/IE Spelling Rules Exercise 4

• Sentence Structure

• Identifying Independent and Dependent Clauses Exer

• Sentence Fragments Exercise 1

• Sentence Fragments Exercise 2

• Sentence Fragments Exercise 3

• Run-ons, Comma Splices, and Fused Sentences Exerci

• Subject and Verb Agreement Exercise

• Sentence Style

• Eliminating Wordiness Exercise 1

• Eliminating Wordiness Exercise 2

• Eliminating Wordiness Exercise 3

• Paraphrasing

• Paraphrasing Exercise

• Writing Numbers

• Writing Numbers Exercise

Purdue Writing Lab Information

• About

• Giving to the Purdue Writing Lab

• A Welcome from the Directors

• About Our Writing Lab Coordinators

• Awards and Featured Articles

• Fact Sheet

• Redesigning the Writing Lab and OWL Pages

• Where are the OWL handouts?

• Mission, Goals, and Description

• Alumni

• Alumni Annotations

• Facilities

• Computing Resources

• Lab Reference Library

• Satellite Locations: Meredith and Hicks

• Study & Work Area

• Giving to the Writing Lab

• Jobs in the Writing Lab

• General Tutoring Job Information

• Opportunities for Purdue Graduate Students in English 2011

• Opportunities for Purdue Undergraduate Students 2011

• OWL Jobs: OWL Webmaster/Tech Coordinator

• Policies

• Five Major Rules for Lab Tutorials

• FAQs for Faculty and Instructors

• Services

• Business Writing Consultants (BWCs)

• ESL Conversation Groups

• Grammar Blog

• Instructor Consultation

• One-on-one Tutorials

• Undergraduate Teaching Assistants

• Writing and Research Help by Email

• Writing Workshops by Request

• Writing Workshops: In-Lab

The Purdue OWL News

• Current Issue

• Special Announcement

• News from the Purdue Writing Lab

• News from the Purdue OWL

• Interact

• Contact the OWL News Editors

• Ask the Purdue OWL News

• RSS 2.0 Feed

• Subscribe to the PON

• Issues

• Current

• October 19, 2010

• September 2, 2010

• Complete Archives

Writing Lab Engagement Resources

• Engagement
• CWEST
• GED Preparation

• Part 1. Lessons 1-4

• 1.1: Topic Sentences

• 1.1: Relevance of Ideas

• 1.1: Order of Ideas

• 1.1: Transitions

• 1.2: Fragments and Run-Ons

• 1.2: Comma Splices

• 1.2: Parallel Structure

• 1.2: Modifiers

• 1.2: Coordination and Subordination

• 1.2: Verb Tense

• 1.3: Subject-Verb Agreement

• 1.3: Pronouns

• 1.4: Capitalization

• 1.4: Commas

• 1.4: Semi-Colons, Colons, and Quotation Marks

• 1.4: Italics and Underlining

• 1.4: Spelling

• 1.4: Contractions

• 1.4: Homonyms

• Suggested Resources

• Part 2. Lessons 1-5

• 2.1: Understanding the Prompt

• 2.1: Brainstorm for the Essay

• 2.1: Developing a Main Idea

• 2.2: Parts of the Essay, Outlining

• 2.2: Developing a Thesis

• 2.2: Topic Sentences

• 2.3: Introductions

• 2.3: Body Paragraphs

• 2.3: Conclusions

• 2.4: Spelling and Punctuation

• 2.4: Sentences and Sentence Structure

• 2.4: Subject-Verb Agreement and Tense

• 2.4: Capital Letters

• 2.4: Strategies for Writing Essays

• 2.5: Word Choice

• Tips for Success

• Suggested Resources

• GED Essay Game

• Exercise Answers

• Exercise Answers for Part 1, Lesson 1

• Exercise Answers for Part 1, Lesson 2

• Exercise Answers for Part 1, Lesson 3

• Exercise Answers for Part 1, Lesson 4

• More Writing Exercises

• ESL Resources

• Combining Sentences

• Conjunctions and Coordination

• Subordination, Exercises

• Discourse Connectors

• Topic Sentences, Exercises

• Prepositions

• Prepositions of Time, Place, and Introducing Objects

• Prepositions of Direction - To

• Prepositions of Direction - Onto

• Prepositions of Direction - Into

• Prepositions of Spatial Relationship - A

• Prepositions of Spatial Relationship - B

• Prepositions of Spatial Relationship - F-O

• Prepositions of Spatial Relationship - T-W

• Preposition Exercise

• Pronouns

• Pronouns - Clarity

• Pronouns - Issues of Gender

• Pronoun Exercise

• Punctuation

• Punctuation - Commas

• Punctuation - Quotation Marks and Apostrophes

• Punctuation - Semicolons, Colons, and Parentheses

• Punctuation - Hyphens and Dashes

• Punctuation Exercise

• Paraphrasing and Summary

• Paraphrasing

• Summarizing

• Paraphrasing and Summarizing Exercise

• Exercise Answers

• Answers for Sentence Exercises

• Answers Preposition Exercises

• Answers for Pronoun Exercises

• Answers for Punctuation Exercises

• Answers for Paraphrasing and Summarizing Exercises

• Job Search Resources

• Reading & Using Job Ads

• Reading & Using Job Ads Part 1

• Reading & Using Job Ads Part 2

• Understanding Job Ads Part 1

• Understanding Job Ads Part 2

• Job Applications

• Job Application Overview

• Application Worksheet Part 1

• Application Worksheet Part 2

• Application Worksheet Part 3

• Application Worksheet Part 4

• Résumés

• Résumé Overview Part 1

• Résumé Overview Part 2

• Résumé Sections Part 1

• Résumé Sections Part 2

• Résumé Sections Part 3

• Résumé Design Part 1

• Résumé Design Part 2

• Checking Your Résumé

• Cover Letters

• Cover Letter Overview

• Cover Letters Part 1

• Cover Letters Part 2

• Cover Letters Part 3

• Cover Letters Part 4

• Cover Letters Part 5

• Cover Letters Part 6

• Interviews

• Interviews Part 1

• Interviews Part 2

• Follow-Up, Thank You Letters

• Follow-Up & Thank You Letter Overview

• Follow-Up & Thank You Letters Part 1

• Follow-Up & Thank You Letters Part 2

• Follow-Up & Thank You Letters Part 3

• Follow-Up & Thank You Letters Part 4

• Sample Résumés & Letters

• Working Class Résumés & Letters

• Résumé & Cover Letter Presentations

• How to Use the CWEST